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1
Age, Task Characteristics, and Acoustic Indicators of Engagement: Investigations into the Validity of a Technology-Enhanced Speaking Test for Young Language Learners
Abstract: Despite calls for engaging assessments targeting young language learners (YLLs) between 8 and 13 years old, what makes assessment tasks engaging and how such task characteristics affect measurement quality have not been well studied empirically. Furthermore, there has been a dearth of validity research about technology-enhanced speaking tests for YLLs. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to explore relationships among examinee age, task characteristics, engagement, and performance in the context of gathering evidence to back a test validity argument. Following a mixed-methods approach, the investigations involved over 400 YLLs in 11 countries who responded to TOEFL Primary® Speaking test tasks (Educational Testing Service, 2013). Results from many-facet Rasch measurement revealed that, in terms of evaluation claims, tasks and raters functioned well across examinee age groups. Generalizability theory was then applied to confirm that examinees accounted for most of the score variance and that current test form configurations maximize score dependability. Fischer’s (1973, 1995) linear logistic test model results helped explain that vocabulary support, novelty, and video animation increased task difficulty, while topical choice did not. Lastly, acoustic measures of harmonicity and shimmer from the spoken responses served as indicators of engagement in a structural model showing that topical choice and novelty promoted engagement; these findings were triangulated by retrospective verbal reports from eight YLLs. Results point to the importance of including engagement in theoretical models of language performance. Also, a taxonomy of task characteristics that may support engagement is proposed to help drive a research agenda and inform test development.
Keyword: Educational tests and measurements; English language--Study and teaching; Linguistics; Test of English as a Foreign Language
URL: https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-ad10-bc50
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2
Age, Task Characteristics, and Acoustic Indicators of Engagement: Investigations into the Validity of a Technology-Enhanced Speaking Test for Young Language Learners ...
Getman, Edward Paul. - : Columbia University, 2020
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3
Saudi students and IEP teachers: converging and diverging perspectives
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4
La didattica delle lingue straniere in prospettiva meta cognitiva : teoria e prassi tecnologica
Mugno, Rossella. - Roma : Aracne Ed., 2014
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UB Frankfurt Linguistik
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5
Language testing : theories and practices
O'Sullivan, Barry; Kiely, Richard; Graham, Suzanne. - Basingstoke [u.a.] : Palgrave Macmillan, 2011
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UB Frankfurt Linguistik
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6
Teaching and researching speaking
Hughes, Rebecca. - Harlow [u.a.] : Longman, 2010
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UB Frankfurt Linguistik
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7
Sprachtests : Leistungsbeurteilungen im Fremdsprachenunterricht evaluieren und verbessern
Dlaska, Andrea; Krekeler, Christian. - Baltmannsweiler : Schneider-Verl. Hohengehren, 2009
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UB Frankfurt Linguistik
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8
Hitting the mark : how can text organisation and response format affect reading test performance?
Kobayashi, Miyoko. - Oxford [u.a.] : Lang, 2009
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UB Frankfurt Linguistik
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9
Perfect phrases for the TOEFL speaking and writing sections : hundreds of ready-to-use phrases to improve your conversational ability, develop your writing skills, and build exam confidence
Steinberg, Roberta. - New York, NY [u.a.] : McGraw-Hill, 2008
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UB Frankfurt Linguistik
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10
Ace the TOEFL essay (TWE) : everything you need for the test of written English
Avants, Tim. - Naperville, Ill. : Sourcebooks, 2007
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UB Frankfurt Linguistik
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11
Where East looks West : success in English in Goa and on the Konkan Coast
Kurzon, Dennis. - CLevedon [u.a.] : Multilingual Matters, 2004
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UB Frankfurt Linguistik
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12
The process of the assessment of writing performance: the rater's perspective
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13
Test of English as a foreign language (TOEFL) : good indicator for student success at Community Colleges?
Ng, Jacob N. K.. - : Oregon State University
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