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1
Self-ratings of spoken language dominance: a Multilingual Naming Test (MINT) and preliminary norms for young and aging Spanish-English bilinguals
In: Bilingualism. - Cambridge : Univ. Press 15 (2012) 3, 594-615
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2
Self-ratings of Spoken Language Dominance: A Multi-Lingual Naming Test (MINT) and Preliminary Norms for Young and Aging Spanish-English Bilinguals*
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3
Degree of Bilingualism Predicts Age of Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease in Low-Education but not in Highly-Educated Hispanics
Abstract: The current study investigated the relationship between bilingual language proficiency and onset of probable Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in 44 Spanish-English bilinguals at the UCSD Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center. Degree of bilingualism along a continuum was measured using Boston Naming Test (BNT) scores in each language. Higher degrees of bilingualism were associated with increasingly later age-of-diagnosis (and age of onset of symptoms), but this effect was driven by participants with low education level (a significant interaction between years of education and bilingualism) most of whom (73%) were also Spanish-dominant. Additionally, only objective measures (i.e., BNT scores), not self-reported degree of bilingualism, predicted age-of-diagnosis even though objective and self-reported measures were significantly correlated. These findings establish a specific connection between knowledge of two languages and delay of AD onset, and demonstrate that bilingual effects can be obscured by interactions between education and bilingualism, and by failure to obtain objective measures of bilingualism. More generally, these data support analogies between the effects of bilingualism and “cognitive reserve” and suggest an upper limit on the extent to which reserve can function to delay dementia.
Keyword: Article
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3223277
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22001315
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.09.041
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4
Accessibility of the nondominant language in picture naming: A counterintuitive effect of dementia on bilingual language production
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5
More use almost always means a smaller frequency effect: aging, bilingualism, and the weaker links hypothesis
In: Journal of memory and language. - Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier 58 (2008) 3, 787-814
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6
More use almost always a means a smaller frequency effect: Aging, bilingualism, and the weaker links hypothesis
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7
The bilingual effect on Boston Naming Test performance.
In: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS, vol 13, iss 2 (2007)
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8
Bilingualism affects picture naming but not picture classification
In: Memory & cognition. - Heidelberg [u.a.] : Springer 33 (2005) 7, 1220-1234
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9
Bilingualism affects picture naming but not picture classification
In: Memory & cognition. - Heidelberg [u.a.] : Springer 33 (2005) 7, 1220-1234
OLC Linguistik
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