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Cultural differences in mutual gaze during face-to-face interactions: a dual head-mounted eye-tracking study
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Abstract:
Cross-cultural psychologists have widely discussed ‘gaze avoidance’ as a sociocultural norm to describe reduced mutual gaze in East Asians (EAs) compared to Western Caucasians (WCs). Supportive evidence is primarily based on self-reports and video recordings of face-to-face interactions, but more objective techniques that can investigate the micro-dynamics of gaze are scarce. The current study used dual head-mounted eye-tracking in EA and WC dyads to examine face looking and mutual gaze during live social interactions. Both cultural groups showed more face looking when listening than speaking, and during an introductory task compared to a storytelling game. Crucially, compared to WCs, EA dyads spent significantly more time engaging in mutual gaze, and individual instances of mutual gaze were longer in EAs for the storytelling game. Our findings challenge ‘gaze avoidance’ as a generalisable cultural observation, and highlight the need to consider contextual factors that dynamically influence gaze both within and between cultures.
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Keyword:
Psychological Sciences
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URL: https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/pvis20/current https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/44201/1/44201.pdf https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/44201/
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2 |
Memory monitoring and control in Japanese and German Preschoolers
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Culture modulates face scanning during dyadic social interactions
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The influence of top-down modulation on the processing of direct gaze
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Infant neural sensitivity to eye gaze depends on early experience of gaze communication
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Infant neural sensitivity to eye gaze depends on early experience of gaze communication
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Development of Adaptive Communication Skills in Infants of Blind Parents
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Selective effect of early social experience on the development of eye gaze processing
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Early social experience affects the development of eye gaze processing
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Early Social Experience Affects the Development of Eye Gaze Processing
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The importance of the eyes: communication skills in infants of blind parents
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Cultural modulation of face and gaze scanning in young children
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Cultural Modulation of Face and Gaze Scanning in Young Children
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The importance of the eyes: communication skills in infants of blind parents
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Do children with ASD use referential gaze to learn the name of an object: an eye-tracking study
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The effect of gaze direction on the processing of facial expressions in children with autism spectrum disorder: An ERP study
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