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Direction asymmetries in spoken and signed language interpreting*
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Neuroanatomical differences in visual, motor, and language cortices between congenitally deaf signers, hearing signers, and hearing non-signers
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The neurobiology of sign language and the mirror system hypothesis
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Empirical Article Bimodal Bilingualism and the Frequency-Lag Hypothesis
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Processing Orthographic Structure: Associations Between Print and Fingerspelling
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Motion-sensitive cortex and motion semantics in American Sign Language
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The effects of learning American Sign Language on co-speech gesture*
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The Biology of Linguistic Expression Impacts Neural Correlates for Spatial Language
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Bilingual processing of ASL-English code-blends: The consequences of accessing two lexical representations simultaneously
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Abstract:
Bilinguals who are fluent in American Sign Language (ASL) and English often produce code-blends - simultaneously articulating a sign and a word while conversing with other ASL-English bilinguals. To investigate the cognitive mechanisms underlying code-blend processing, we compared picture-naming times (Experiment 1) and semantic categorization times (Experiment 2) for code-blends versus ASL signs and English words produced alone. In production, code-blending did not slow lexical retrieval for ASL and actually facilitated access to low-frequency signs. However, code-blending delayed speech production because bimodal bilinguals synchronized English and ASL lexical onsets. In comprehension, code-blending speeded access to both languages. Bimodal bilinguals’ ability to produce code-blends without any cost to ASL implies that the language system either has (or can develop) a mechanism for switching off competition to allow simultaneous production of close competitors. Code-blend facilitation effects during comprehension likely reflect cross-linguistic (and cross-modal) integration at the phonological and/or semantic levels. The absence of any consistent processing costs for code-blending illustrates a surprising limitation on dual-task costs and may explain why bimodal bilinguals code-blend more often than they code-switch.
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Article
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URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2012.04.005 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3389804 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22773886
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