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Lack of neural evidence for implicit language learning in 9-month-old infants at high risk for autism
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In: Dev Sci (2021)
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Abstract:
Word segmentation is a fundamental aspect of language learning, since identification of word boundaries in continuous speech must occur before the acquisition of word meanings can take place. We previously used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to show that youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are less sensitive to statistical and speech cues that guide implicit word segmentation. However, little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying this process during infancy and how this may be associated with ASD risk. Here, we examined early neural signatures of language-related learning in 9-month-old infants at high (HR) and low familial risk (LR) for ASD. During natural sleep, infants underwent fMRI while passively listening to three speech streams containing strong statistical and prosodic cues, strong statistical cues only, or minimal statistical cues to word boundaries. Compared to HR infants, LR infants showed greater activity in the left amygdala for the speech stream containing statistical and prosodic cues. While listening to this same speech stream, LR infants also showed more learning-related signal increases in left temporal regions as well as increasing functional connectivity between bilateral primary auditory cortex and right anterior insula. Importantly, learning-related signal increases at 9 months positively correlated with expressive language outcome at 36 months in both groups. In the HR group, greater signal increases were additionally associated with less severe ASD symptomatology at 36 months. These findings suggest that early differences in the neural networks underlying language learning may predict subsequent language development and altered trajectories associated with ASD risk.
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Keyword:
Article
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URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8935986/ https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.13078 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33368921
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Emerging atypicalities in functional connectivity of language-related networks in young infants at high familial risk for ASD.
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Defining and distinguishing infant behavioral states using acoustic cry analysis: is colic painful?
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In: Pediatric research, vol 87, iss 3 (2020)
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Emerging atypicalities in functional connectivity of language-related networks in young infants at high familial risk for ASD
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In: Dev Cogn Neurosci (2020)
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Neural Networks for Language Learning in Infancy: Altered Developmental Trajectories in Infants at High Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Liu, Janelle. - : eScholarship, University of California, 2019
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Defining and distinguishing infant behavioral states using acoustic cry analysis: is colic painful?
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Altered Lateralization of Dorsal Language Tracts in 6-Week-Old Infants at Risk for Autism
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Development of the Default Mode and Central Executive Networks Across Early Adolescence: a Longitudinal Study
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Neural responses to witnessing peer rejection after being socially excluded: fMRI as a window into adolescents' emotional processing.
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In: Developmental science, vol 16, iss 5 (2013)
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Altered integration of speech and gesture in children with autism spectrum disorders.
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In: Brain and behavior, vol 2, iss 5 (2012)
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Altered integration of speech and gesture in children with autism spectrum disorders
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fMRI of syntactic processing in typically developing children: structural correlates in the inferior frontal gyrus.
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In: Developmental cognitive neuroscience, vol 1, iss 3 (2011)
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Age and experience shape developmental changes in the neural basis of language-related learning
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Giving Speech a Hand: Gesture Modulates Activity in Auditory Cortex During Speech Perception
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Developmental changes in the neural basis of interpreting communicative intent
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