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Building community through hospitality : indirect obligations to reciprocate in a transnational speech community
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Predictive structure and the learnability of inflectional paradigms: investigating whether low i-complexity benefits human learners and neural networks ...
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Annotated English translation of the ‘Sadāprarudita Avadāna’ in Kumārajīva’s Xiaŏpĭn Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra
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Abstract:
This paper on the Sadāprarudita Avadāna in Kumārajīva’s Xiaŏpĭn Bānruòbōluómì Jīng (小品般若波羅蜜經) has two aims. Firstly, to provide the first English translation of this Avadāna story as it appears in Kumārajīva’s text, a version which is distinctly different from the earlier recensions of the sūtra such as the Dàoxíng, including the Sanskrit which has already been translated by Conze. Secondly, to highlight the chiasmic structure of the Avadāna and demonstrate how important understanding that structure is in understanding both the entirety and elements of its content. Kumārajīva’s early 5th century translation entitled the Xiaŏpĭn Bānruòbōluómì Jīng (小品般若波羅蜜經), i.e. the Small Text Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra, is the fourth of seven Chinese translations of the early Mahāyāna text commonly known by its Sanskrit name the Aṣṭasāhasrikā, or in English the Perfection of Wisdom in Eight Thousand Lines. Within the text as a whole, the penultimate two chapters concerning the Avadāna of Sadāprarudita have long been of interest due to being written in a different style to the reminder of the text. While this has led many text-historical studies to conclude that it is either a later addition to the text, or is in fact the original ur-text, other studies have also largely been in the text-historical mode, attempting to work out various historical strata, inter-textual sourcing and borrowing, and the like. Leaving aside diachronic studies, it is noteworthy that the structure of the story displays chiasmus or inverted parallelism. These forms, with paired literary elements in the form A-B-C-…-X-…-C’-B’-A’, are important in reading and understanding of the content. Before the translation proper, the Introduction discusses the source and its editions, provides an overview of the content of these two chapters, and discusses the voice and policy of my translation. The English translation is not an attempt to return to some now unknown Sanskrit original, nor a reading of it through later Chinese traditions, but as close as I can understand to Kumārajīva’s own understanding and translation technique. The entire English translation is critically annotated, marking significant points of interest both internally within the text, but also externally when compared to the other Chinese translations and later Sanskrit recensions. This translation complements an earlier translation of the first two chapters of the same text.
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Keyword:
Africa; and Artificial languages; DS Asia; Indian; Oceania; P Philology. Linguistics; PL Languages and literatures of Eastern Asia; PM Hyperborean; PN0441 Literary History
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URL: https://doi.org/10.18573/alt.42
https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/143353/
https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/143353/1/alt_8_1_2021_42.pdf
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Predictive structure and the learnability of inflectional paradigms: investigating whether low i-complexity benefits human learners and neural networks
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Análisis lingüístico del Na’vi, lengua inventada para la película Avatar
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In: Onomázein: Revista de lingüística, filología y traducción de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, ISSN 0717-1285, Nº. 52, 2021, pags. 143-161 (2021)
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Estudio sobre la neolengua en la obra 1984 de Orwell y análisis de sus traducciones al castellano, catalán, francés y alemán
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La morfología de las lenguas artificiales. El caso del “volapuk” y de la “langue bleue” ; The morphology of artificial languages. The cases of “volapük” and the “langue bleue”
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Languagescapes. Ancient and Artificial Languages in Today's Culture
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The linguistic invention in literature and cinema in the 20th and 21st centuries ; La invención lingüística en la literatura y el cine en los siglos XX y XXI
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In: Journal of Linguistic Research; Vol. 22 (2019): La perspectiva pragmática en el español; 275-293 ; Revista de Investigación Lingüística; Vol. 22 (2019): La perspectiva pragmática en el español; 275-293 ; 1989-4554 ; 1139-1146 (2020)
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Un estudio del Valyrio, lengua artificial diseñada para Juego de Tronos ; A study of Valyrio, artificial language designed for Game of Thrones
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UN ANÁLISIS LINGÜÍSTICO DE LA LENGUA KLINGON (STAR TREK)
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In: Tonos Digital; NÚMERO 37 - JULIO 2019 (2019)
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Asymmetric accommodation during interaction leads to the regularisation of linguistic variants
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Language and ideology: glossopoesis as a secondary narrative framework in Le Guin’s The dispossessed ; Língua e ideologia: glossopoese como estrutura narrativa secundária em Os despossuídos de Le Guin
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In: Acta Scientiarum. Language and Culture; Vol 41 No 2 (2019): July-Dec.; e43961 ; Acta Scientiarum. Language and Culture; v. 41 n. 2 (2019): July-Dec.; e43961 ; 1983-4683 ; 1983-4675 (2019)
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Babel from Scratch: Examining the Impact and Usage of Constructed Languages in Literature
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In: University Honors Theses (2018)
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Seventeenth-Century ‘double writing’ schemes, and a 1676 letter in the phonetic script and real character of John Wilkins
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El imaginario lingüístico en la literatura y el cine: del élfico al dothraki
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Affliction without affliction: a translation of the Nakulapitāsutta and its commentaries
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