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TASH: Toolbox for the Automated Segmentation of Heschl's gyrus
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In: http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/279760 (2020)
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TASH: Toolbox for the Automated Segmentation of Heschl's gyrus
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In: ISSN: 2045-2322 ; Scientific Reports, Vol. 10, No 1 (2020) (2020)
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TASH: Toolbox for the Automated Segmentation of Heschl’s gyrus
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Neural Biomarkers for Dyslexia, ADHD, and ADD in the Auditory Cortex of Children
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Serrallach, Bettina; Groß, Christine; Bernhofs, Valdis; Engelmann, Dorte; Benner, Jan; Gündert, Nadine; Blatow, Maria; Wengenroth, Martina; Seitz, Angelika; Brunner, Monika; Seither, Stefan; Parncutt, Richard; Schneider, Peter; Seither-Preisler, Annemarie. - : Frontiers Media S.A., 2016
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Abstract:
Dyslexia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and attention deficit disorder (ADD) show distinct clinical profiles that may include auditory and language-related impairments. Currently, an objective brain-based diagnosis of these developmental disorders is still unavailable. We investigated the neuro-auditory systems of dyslexic, ADHD, ADD, and age-matched control children (N = 147) using neuroimaging, magnetencephalography and psychoacoustics. All disorder subgroups exhibited an oversized left planum temporale and an abnormal interhemispheric asynchrony (10–40 ms) of the primary auditory evoked P1-response. Considering right auditory cortex morphology, bilateral P1 source waveform shapes, and auditory performance, the three disorder subgroups could be reliably differentiated with outstanding accuracies of 89–98%. We therefore for the first time provide differential biomarkers for a brain-based diagnosis of dyslexia, ADHD, and ADD. The method allowed not only allowed for clear discrimination between two subtypes of attentional disorders (ADHD and ADD), a topic controversially discussed for decades in the scientific community, but also revealed the potential for objectively identifying comorbid cases. Noteworthy, in children playing a musical instrument, after three and a half years of training the observed interhemispheric asynchronies were reduced by about 2/3, thus suggesting a strong beneficial influence of music experience on brain development. These findings might have far-reaching implications for both research and practice and enable a profound understanding of the brain-related etiology, diagnosis, and musically based therapy of common auditory-related developmental disorders and learning disabilities.
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Keyword:
Psychology
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URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2016.00324 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4945653/
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