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Linguistic Mathematical Relationships Saved or Lost in Translating Texts: Extension of the Statistical Theory of Translation and Its Application to the New Testament
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In: Information; Volume 13; Issue 1; Pages: 20 (2022)
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Abstract:
The purpose of the paper is to extend the general theory of translation to texts written in the same language and show some possible applications. The main result shows that the mutual mathematical relationships of texts in a language have been saved or lost in translating them into another language and consequently texts have been mathematically distorted. To make objective comparisons, we have defined a “likeness index”—based on probability and communication theory of noisy binary digital channels-and have shown that it can reveal similarities and differences of texts. We have applied the extended theory to the New Testament translations and have assessed how much the mutual mathematical relationships present in the original Greek texts have been saved or lost in 36 languages. To avoid the inaccuracy, due to the small sample size from which the input data (regression lines) are calculated, we have adopted a “renormalization” based on Monte Carlo simulations whose results we consider as “experimental”. In general, we have found that in many languages/translations the original linguistic relationships have been lost and texts mathematically distorted. The theory can be applied to texts translated by machines. Because the theory deals with linear regression lines, the concepts of signal-to-noise-ratio and likenss index can be applied any time a scientific/technical problem involves two or more linear regression lines, therefore it is not limited to linguistic variables but it is universal.
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Keyword:
deep-language; greek; likeness index; linguistic variables; machine translation; modern languages; new testament; regression lines; signal-to-noise-ratio; translation
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URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/info13010020
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| 42 |
Sign Language Avatars: A Question of Representation
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In: Information; Volume 13; Issue 4; Pages: 206 (2022)
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| 43 |
Identifying Source-Language Dialects in Translation
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In: Mathematics; Volume 10; Issue 9; Pages: 1431 (2022)
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| 44 |
Leveraging Frozen Pretrained Written Language Models for Neural Sign Language Translation
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In: Information; Volume 13; Issue 5; Pages: 220 (2022)
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| 45 |
X-Transformer: A Machine Translation Model Enhanced by the Self-Attention Mechanism
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In: Applied Sciences; Volume 12; Issue 9; Pages: 4502 (2022)
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| 46 |
Retrieval-Based Transformer Pseudocode Generation
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In: Mathematics; Volume 10; Issue 4; Pages: 604 (2022)
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| 47 |
Evaluating the Impact of Integrating Similar Translations into Neural Machine Translation
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In: Information; Volume 13; Issue 1; Pages: 19 (2022)
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| 48 |
Hebrew Transformed: Machine Translation of Hebrew Using the Transformer Architecture
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| 49 |
Technology in audiovisual translation practices and training ; Las tecnologías en la formación y las prácticas de traducción audiovisual
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In: CLINA Revista Interdisciplinaria de Traducción Interpretación y Comunicación Intercultural; Vol. 7 Núm. 1 (2021); 17-24 ; CLINA Revista Interdisciplinaria de Traducción Interpretación y Comunicación Intercultural; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2021); 17-24 ; 2444-1961 ; 10.14201/clina202171 (2022)
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| 50 |
Training in machine translation post-editing for foreign language students
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Zhang, Hong; Torres-Hostench, Olga. - : University of Hawaii National Foreign Language Resource Center, 2022. : Center for Language & Technology, 2022. : (co-sponsored by Center for Open Educational Resources and Language Learning, University of Texas at Austin), 2022
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| 51 |
Pushing the right buttons: adversarial evaluation of quality estimation
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In: Proceedings of the Sixth Conference on Machine Translation ; 625 ; 638 (2022)
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| 52 |
Some Contributions to Interactive Machine Translation and to the Applications of Machine Translation for Historical Documents
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| 53 |
Neural-based Knowledge Transfer in Natural Language Processing
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| 54 |
Machine Translation of polysemic words: current technology in light of Cognitive Linguistics ; Tradução automática de palavras polissêmicas: tecnologias atuais à luz da Linguística Cognitiva
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In: Entrepalavras; v. 11, n. 3 (11): Linguagem e Tecnologia; 52-74 (2022)
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| 55 |
The role of machine translation in translation education: A thematic analysis of translator educators’ beliefs
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In: Translation and Interpreting : the International Journal of Translation and Interpreting Research, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 177-197 (2022) (2022)
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| 56 |
Predicting and Critiquing Machine Virtuosity: Mawwal Accompaniment as Case Study
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In: International Computer Music Conference ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03044066 ; International Computer Music Conference, Jul 2021, Santiago, Chile (2021)
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| 57 |
Investigating alignment interpretability for low-resource NMT
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In: ISSN: 0922-6567 ; EISSN: 1573-0573 ; Machine Translation ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03139744 ; Machine Translation, Springer Verlag, 2021, ⟨10.1007/s10590-020-09254-w⟩ (2021)
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| 58 |
Parallel Corpora Preparation for English-Amharic Machine Translation
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In: IWANN 2021 - International Work on Artificial Neural Networks, Conference Springer LNCS proceedings ; https://hal.inria.fr/hal-03272258 ; IWANN 2021 - International Work on Artificial Neural Networks, Conference Springer LNCS proceedings, Jun 2021, Online, Spain (2021)
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| 59 |
DESIGNING TO SUPPORT SENSEMAKING IN CROSS-LINGUAL COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION USING NLP TECHNIQUES
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| 60 |
DELA Corpus - A Document-Level Corpus Annotated with Context-Related Issues
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In: Castilho, Sheila orcid:0000-0002-8416-6555 , Cavalheiro Camargo, João Lucas orcid:0000-0003-3746-1225 , Menezes, Miguel and Way, Andy orcid:0000-0001-5736-5930 (2021) DELA Corpus - A Document-Level Corpus Annotated with Context-Related Issues. In: Sixth Conference on Machine Translation (WMT21), 10-11 Nov 2021, Punta Cana, Dominican Republic (Online). ISBN 978-1-954085-94-7 (2021)
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