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Perspectives Organize Information in Mind and Nature: Empirical Findings of Point-View Perspective (P) in Cognitive and Material Complexity
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In: Systems; Volume 10; Issue 3; Pages: 52 (2022)
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The “Fish Tank” Experiments: Metacognitive Awareness of Distinctions, Systems, Relationships, and Perspectives (DSRP) Significantly Increases Cognitive Complexity
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In: Systems; Volume 10; Issue 2; Pages: 29 (2022)
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Distinctions Organize Information in Mind and Nature: Empirical Findings of Identity–Other Distinctions (D) in Cognitive and Material Complexity
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In: Systems; Volume 10; Issue 2; Pages: 41 (2022)
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Systems Organize Information in Mind and Nature: Empirical Findings of Part-Whole Systems (S) in Cognitive and Material Complexity
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In: Systems; Volume 10; Issue 2; Pages: 44 (2022)
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Abstract:
Part-whole Systems (S) structure is foundational to a diverse array of phenomena such as belonging and containment, networks, statistics, reductionism, holism, etc. and is extremely similar if not synonymous with sets, sorts, groups, combinations and combinatorics, clusters, etc. In Cabrera (1998), part-whole Systems (S) or “S-rule” is established as one of four universals for the organization of information and thus is foundational to systems and systems thinking as well as the consilience of knowledge. In this paper, seven empirical studies are presented in which (unless otherwise noted) subjects completed a task. Ranging from n = 407 to n = 34,398, the sample sizes vary for each study but are generalizeable to a normal distribution of the US population. With high statistical significance, the results of these studies support the predictions made by DSRP Theory regarding part-whole Systems (a.k.a., “S-rule”) including: the universality of S-rule as an observable phenomenon in both mind (cognitive complexity) and nature (ontological complexity) (i.e., parallelism); the internal structures and dynamics of S-rule; S-rule’s mutual dependencies on other universals of DSRP (Distinctions, Systems, Relationships, and Perspectives (i.e., Distinctions, Relationships, and Perspectives); the role S-rule plays in making structural predictions; and, S-rule’s efficacy as a metacognitive skill. In conclusion, these data suggest the observable and empirical existence, universality, efficacy, and parallelism (between cognitive and ontological complexity) of part-whole Systems (S).
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Keyword:
cognitive complexity; DSRP Theory; holism; ontological complexity; part-whole; reductionism; systems; systems science; systems thinking; universals
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URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/systems10020044
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| 16 |
How models of canonical microcircuits implement cognitive functions
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| 17 |
Discourse Quality in Times of Populism: An Analysis of German Parliamentary Debates on Immigration Policy
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| 18 |
Memoria operativa y complejidad cognitiva en tareas de expresión escrita en español como lengua extranjera
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In: Onomázein: Revista de lingüística, filología y traducción de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, ISSN 0717-1285, Nº. 41, 2018, pags. 125-146 (2018)
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