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1
Formant-frequency variation and its effects on across-formant grouping in speech perception
Abstract: How speech is separated perceptually from other speech remains poorly understood. In a series of experiments, perceptual organisation was probed by presenting three-formant (F1+F2+F3) analogues of target sentences dichotically, together with a competitor for F2 (F2C), or for F2+F3, which listeners must reject to optimise recognition. To control for energetic masking, the competitor was always presented in the opposite ear to the corresponding target formant(s). Sine-wave speech was used initially, and different versions of F2C were derived from F2 using separate manipulations of its amplitude and frequency contours. F2Cs with time-varying frequency contours were highly effective competitors, whatever their amplitude characteristics, whereas constant-frequency F2Cs were ineffective. Subsequent studies used synthetic-formant speech to explore the effects of manipulating the rate and depth of formant-frequency change in the competitor. Competitor efficacy was not tuned to the rate of formant-frequency variation in the target sentences; rather, the reduction in intelligibility increased with competitor rate relative to the rate for the target sentences. Therefore, differences in speech rate may not be a useful cue for separating the speech of concurrent talkers. Effects of competitors whose depth of formant-frequency variation was scaled by a range of factors were explored using competitors derived either by inverting the frequency contour of F2 about its geometric mean (plausibly speech-like pattern) or by using a regular and arbitrary frequency contour (triangle wave, not plausibly speech-like) matched to the average rate and depth of variation for the inverted F2C. Competitor efficacy depended on the overall depth of frequency variation, not depth relative to that for the other formants. Furthermore, the triangle-wave competitors were as effective as their more speech-like counterparts. Overall, the results suggest that formant-frequency variation is critical for the across-frequency grouping of formants but that this grouping does not depend on speech-specific constraints.
URL: https://publications.aston.ac.uk/id/eprint/20933/
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2
Comparison of performance with voiced and whispered speech in word recognition and mean-formant-frequency discrimination
In: Speech communication. - Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier 54 (2012) 9, 998-1013
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3
Auditory-based processing of communication sounds
Walters, Thomas C.. - : University of Cambridge, 2011. : Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, 2011
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4
How the Human Brain Recognizes Speech in the Context of Changing Speakers
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5
Reviewing the definition of timbre as it pertains to the perception of speech and musical sounds
Patterson, Roy D; Walters, Thomas C; Monaghan, Jessica J. M. - : New York : Springer, 2010
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6
Auditory speech processing for scale-shift covariance and its evaluation in automatic speech recognition
Patterson, Roy D; Walters, Thomas C; Monaghan, Jessica. - : Piscataway, NJ : IEEE, 2010
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7
Location and acoustic scale cues in concurrent speech recognition1
Ives, D. Timothy; Vestergaard, Martin D.; Kistler, Doris J.. - : Acoustical Society of America, 2010
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8
Functional imaging of the auditory processing applied to speech sounds
In: The perception of speech. - Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press (2009), 171-192
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9
A Statistical, formant-pattern model for segregating vowel type and vocal-tract length in developmental formant data
Turner, Richard E; Walters, Thomas C; Monaghan, Jessica J. M. - : Acoustical Society of America, 2009
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10
The interaction of vocal characteristics and audibility in the recognition of concurrent syllablesa)
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11
Effects of voicing in the recognition of concurrent syllables (L)a)
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12
Vocal-Tract Resonances as Indexical Cues in Rhesus Monkeys
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13
Discrimination of speaker sex and size when glottal-pulse rate and vocal-tract length are controlleda)
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14
Functional imaging of the auditory processing applied to speech sounds
Patterson, Roy D; Johnsrude, Ingrid S. - : The Royal Society, 2007
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15
A dynamic compressive gammachirp auditory filterbank
In: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. IEEE transactions on audio, speech and language processing. - New York, NY : Inst. 14 (2006) 6, 2222-2232
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16
Speech Segregation Using an Auditory Vocoder With Event-Synchronous Enhancements
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17
Perception of acoustic scale and size in musical instrument sounds
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18
The processing and perception of size information in speech soundsa)
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19
The interaction of glottal-pulse rate and vocal-tract length in judgements of speaker size, sex, and agea)
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20
Discrimination of speaker size from syllable phrasesa)
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