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Expressive language development in adolescents with Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome: change over time and the role of family-related factors.
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In: Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders, vol 12, iss 1 (2020)
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Expressive language development in adolescents with Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome: change over time and the role of family-related factors.
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In: Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders, vol 12, iss 1 (2020)
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Expressive language development in adolescents with Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome: change over time and the role of family-related factors
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In: J Neurodev Disord (2020)
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Demographic Predictors of Cognitive Change in Ethnically Diverse Older Persons
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Idea Density Measured in Late Life Predicts Subsequent Cognitive Trajectories: Implications for the Measurement of Cognitive Reserve
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Abstract:
Objective. The Nun Study showed that lower linguistic ability in young adulthood, measured by idea density (ID), increased the risk of dementia in late life. The present study examined whether ID measured in late life continues to predict the trajectory of cognitive change. Method. ID was measured in 81 older adults who were followed longitudinally for an average of 4.3 years. Changes in global cognition and 4 specific neuropsychological domains (episodic memory, semantic memory, spatial abilities, and executive function) were examined as outcomes. Separate random effects models tested the effect of ID on longitudinal change in outcomes, adjusted for age and education. Results. Lower ID was associated with greater subsequent decline in global cognition, semantic memory, episodic memory, and spatial abilities. When analysis was restricted to only participants without dementia at the time ID was collected, results were similar. Discussion. Linguistic ability in young adulthood, as measured by ID, has been previously proposed as an index of neurocognitive development and/or cognitive reserve. The present study provides evidence that even when ID is measured in old age, it continues to be associated with subsequent cognitive decline and as such may continue to provide a marker of cognitive reserve.
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Keyword:
Original Research Report
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URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbr162 http://psychsocgerontology.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/67/6/677
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Idea Density Measured in Late Life Predicts Subsequent Cognitive Trajectories: Implications for the Measurement of Cognitive Reserve
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Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype has dissociable effects on memory and attentional–executive network function in Alzheimer’s disease
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