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Dreaming during the Covid-19 pandemic: Computational assessment of dream reports reveals mental suffering related to fear of contagion
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In: PLoS One (2020)
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The history of writing reflects the effects of education on discourse structure: implications for literacy, orality, psychosis and the axial age
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24.3 EARLY MARKERS OF THOUGHT DISORGANIZATION IN SPEECH STRUCTURE
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Abstract:
BACKGROUND: Early psychiatric descriptions of psychosis identified the importance of assessing thought organization to differentiate syndromes that present a cognitive risk. In chronic psychotic patients, word graph analysis shows potential as complementary psychiatric assessment of aspects of speech structure in free speech. METHODS: This analysis relies mostly on connectedness (based on graph theory such as number of edges, largest connected component - LCC and largest strongly connected component - LSC), a structural feature of speech that is anti-correlated with negative symptoms. RESULTS: On recent onset psychosis, at the first clinical contact, graphs connectedness and similarities to random graphs combined into a single (Disorganization Index) were predictive of schizophrenia diagnosis six months in advance with more than 90% accuracy. In typical development the same connectedness attributes tracks cognitive development (such as IQ and theory of mind abilities) and reading acquisition. Here we report that a graph-theoretical computational analysis of verbal reports from subjects ages 2–62 reveals asymptotic changes over time that depend more on education than age. In typical subjects, repeated edges and lexical diversity stabilize after elementary school, whereas graph size and connectedness only steady after high school. Repeated edges decrease towards random levels, while lexical diversity, connectedness and graph size increase away from near-randomness towards a plateau in educated adults. Subjects with psychosis do not show similar dynamics, presenting at adulthood a children-like speech structure. Typical subjects increase the range of word recurrence over school years, but the same feature in subjects with psychosis resists education. CONCLUSIONS: Despite exposure to education, subjects with psychosis retain a linguistic structure akin to that of children’s speech, failing to mature in complexity and remaining closer to a near-random structure. The school environment is strategic for the early identification of risk. A closer look at cognitive development using computational assessments in naturalistic school settings can enable early interventions to mitigate cognitive damages.
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Keyword:
Plenary/Symposia
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URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6455746/
https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbz022.098
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The maturation of speech structure in psychosis is resistant to formal education
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The maturation of speech structure in psychosis is resistant to formal education
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The ontogeny of discourse structure mimics the development of literature ...
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The ontogeny of discourse structure mimics the development of literature
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Análise de grafos de textos literários: investigação de traços psicóticos
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