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Central Auditory Tests to Track Cognitive Function in People With HIV: Longitudinal Cohort Study
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Niemczak, Christopher; Fellows, Abigail; Lichtenstein, Jonathan; White-Schwoch, Travis; Magohe, Albert; Gui, Jiang; Wilbur, Jed; Clavier, Odile; Massawe, Enica; Moshi, Ndeserua; Boivin, Michael; Kraus, Nina; Buckey, Jay
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In: JMIR Form Res (2021)
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Abstract:
BACKGROUND: The development of neurocognitive deficits in people infected with HIV is a significant public health problem. Previous cross-sectional studies have shown that performance on central auditory tests (CATs) correlates with cognitive test results in those with HIV, but no longitudinal data exist for confirmation. We have been performing longitudinal assessments of central auditory and cognitive function on a cohort of HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania to understand how the central auditory system could be used to study and track the progress of central nervous system dysfunction. OBJECTIVE: The goal of the project was to determine if CATs can track the trajectory of cognitive function over time in people diagnosed with HIV. METHODS: Tests of peripheral and central auditory function as well as cognitive performance were performed on 382 individuals over the course of 3.5 years. Visits were scheduled every 6 months. CATs included tests of auditory temporal processing (gap detection) and speech perception in noise (Hearing in Noise Test and Triple Digit Test). Cognitive tests included the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA), and subtests from the Cogstate battery. HIV-positive subjects were divided into groups based on their CAT results at their final visit (bottom 20%, top 20%, middle 60%). Primary analyses focused on the comparison between HIV-positive individuals that performed worse on CATs (bottom 20%) and the overall HIV-positive group (middle 60%). Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effect models with time as the main fixed effect. RESULTS: The group with the worst (bottom 20%) CAT performance showed a difference in trajectory for the MoCA (P=.003), TOVA (P<.048), and Cogstate (P<.046) over the course of the study period compared to the overall HIV-positive group. A battery of three CATs showed a significant difference in cognitive trajectory over a relatively short study period of 3.5 years independent of age (bottom 20% vs HIV-positive group). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study support the ability for CATs to track cognitive function over time, suggesting that central auditory processing can provide a window into central nervous system performance. CATs can be simple to perform, and are relatively insensitive to education and socioeconomic status because they only require repeating sentences, numbers, or detecting gaps in noise. These tests could potentially provide a time-efficient, low-cost method to screen for and monitor cognitive decline in patients with HIV, making them a useful surveillance tool for this major public health problem.
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Original Paper
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URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33470933
https://doi.org/10.2196/26406
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7902183/
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Distinct Rhythmic Abilities Align With Phonological Awareness And Rapid Naming In School-Age Children
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In: Cogn Process (2020)
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Stable auditory processing underlies phonological awareness in typically developing preschoolers
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In: Brain Lang (2019)
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Play Sports for a Quieter Brain: Evidence From Division I Collegiate Athletes
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In: Sports Health (2019)
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Music training enhances the automatic neural processing of foreign speech sounds
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In: ISSN: 2045-2322 ; EISSN: 2045-2322 ; Scientific Reports ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02446763 ; Scientific Reports, Nature Publishing Group, 2017, 7 (1), ⟨10.1038/s41598-017-12575-1⟩ (2017)
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Short-term learning and memory:training and perceptual learning
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Music training enhances the automatic neural processing of foreign speech sounds
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| 9 |
Native language shapes automatic neural processing of speech
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In: ISSN: 0028-3932 ; EISSN: 1873-3514 ; Neuropsychologia ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01431302 ; Neuropsychologia, Elsevier, 2016, 89, pp.57-65. ⟨10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.05.033⟩ (2016)
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| 10 |
Native language shapes automatic neural processing of speech
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In: ISSN: 0028-3932 ; EISSN: 1873-3514 ; Neuropsychologia ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03588420 ; Neuropsychologia, Elsevier, 2016, 89, pp.57-65. ⟨10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.05.033⟩ (2016)
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| 11 |
Hemispheric Asymmetry of Endogenous Neural Oscillations in Young Children: Implications for Hearing Speech In Noise
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| 12 |
Development of subcortical speech representation in human infants
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| 13 |
Beat synchronization predicts neural speech encoding and reading readiness in preschoolers
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Auditory learning through active engagement with sound: biological impact of community music lessons in at-risk children
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Training changes processing of speech cues in older adults with hearing loss
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Effects of hearing loss on the subcortical representation of speech cues
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Physiologic discrimination of stop consonants relates to phonological skills in pre-readers: a biomarker for subsequent reading ability?†
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