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Bringing the toys to life: Animacy, reference, and anthropomorphism in Toy Story
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Abstract:
In the children’s film Toy Story, toys spring to life when their human owners are away, creating an alternative world of transferred animacy relations signalled by visual and linguistic cues. The storylines and characters explore the nature of animacy and relationships between conspecifics and ‘others’. Our analysis focuses on the use of referring expressions as they reflect the animacy of their referents, as it develops and changes during the course of the narrative. We relate these findings to well-established scales of animacy which link our perception of the world to the categories imposed by language. We find that, as predicted by models of animacy proposed by Dahl (2008) and Yamamoto (1999), among others, shifts in reference – specifically from common noun to proper noun to pronoun, and from collective to individuated referents – reflect characters’ shifting conceptualisation of, and empathy with, each other. We argue that referring expressions are used at key points in the film script to subtly mediate accessible cues to animacy like eyes, speech and motion, and to guide viewers’ empathies and allegiances, extending our understanding of animacy beyond ordinary anthropocentrism.
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URL: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/129408/ http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/129408/1/ToyStory_final.pdf
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Survey of Audiologists’ Opinions and Practices regarding Vestibular Assessment and Rehabilitation
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In: ETSU Faculty Works (2015)
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Using a Signing Avatar as a Sign Language Research Tool
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In: In: Esposito, A and Hussain, A and Marinaro, M and Martone, R, (eds.) MULTIMODAL SIGNAL: COGNITIVE AND ALGORITHMIC ISSUES. (pp. 83 - 93). SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN (2009) (2009)
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40th EASD Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes : Munich, Germany, 5-9 September 2004.
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Visual feedback for a student learning language pronunciation
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Implementing voice recognition and natural language processing in the NPSNET networked virtual environment
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