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Language, Literacy, and Communication Regarding Medication in an Anticoagulation Clinic: Are Pictures Better Than Words?
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In: DTIC AND NTIS (2005)
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| 42 |
A Linear Programming Formulation for Global Inference in Natural Language Tasks
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In: DTIC (2004)
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| 43 |
An Analysis of Factors Predicting Graduation of Students at Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center
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In: DTIC AND NTIS (2004)
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| 44 |
Predictors of Plebe Summer Attrition at the United States Naval Academy
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In: DTIC AND NTIS (2003)
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| 45 |
Mental Models Theory and Military Decision-Marking: A Pilot Experimental Model
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In: DTIC AND NTIS (2003)
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Abstract:
This paper examines a recent theory on human inductive reasoning termed Mental Model theory. The theory predicts problems for decision makers arising from basic cognitive processes. For example, theorists argue that subtle cognitive processes described by mental models may have been instrumental in some catastrophic decisions in industry (e.g., the Chernobyl nuclear reactor meltdown) and in the military (e.g., the USS Vincennes incident). In particular, construction of the mental models used when making critical decisions is vulnerable to both problem complexity and logically conflicting (false) information. These vulnerabilities occur because of the limited capacity of human working memory. The capacity limitation restricts both the type of information that is represented in mental models and the number of component models. This project aimed to further investigate Mental Model theory for the benefit of future experimental studies in applied Military settings and the design of decision support tools. An experiment was conducted to test the central predictions of the theory. Twelve subjects (6 military, 6 nonmilitary) were presented with a set of 16 problems designed to manipulate complexity, the problem domain, and the requirement for false information. Comparisons also were made between the performance of the military and nonmilitary groups. A comparison of the number of problems answered correctly showed that the vulnerability to premise falsity extended to the military domain for both military and nonmilitary subjects. Problem complexity, however, was found to have little impact on the number of correct responses. It also was found that subjects responded more quickly when their logic required false premises and more slowly when the question addressed was complex. (6 figures, 9 refs.)
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Keyword:
*COGNITION; *DECISION MAKING; *INFERENTIAL REASONING; *MEMORY(PSYCHOLOGY); *MENTAL MODEL THEORY; *MILITARY APPLICATIONS; *PERFORMANCE(HUMAN); *PROBLEM SOLVING; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; AQ F04-03-0221; AUSTRALIA; CIVILIAN PERSONNEL; COGNITIVE PROCESSES; COGNITIVE REPRESENTATION; COGNITIVE SCHEMATA; EXPERIMENTAL DATA; FALSITY ILLUSION; FOREIGN REPORTS; INDUCTIVE REASONING; LIMITATIONS; MENTAL MODELS; MILITARY PERSONNEL; MODELS; PILOT STUDIES; PREDICTIONS; Psychology; THEORY; VULNERABILITY
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URL: http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA419429
http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA419429
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| 46 |
The Role of Personality Type on Minority Attrition at the US Naval Academy
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In: DTIC AND NTIS (2002)
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| 47 |
Anticipating Surprise: Analysis for Strategic Warning
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In: DTIC (2002)
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| 48 |
Predictors of Navy Attrition: I. Analysis of 1-Year Attrition
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In: DTIC AND NTIS (2001)
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| 49 |
A Dialectic Approach to Moving Target Indicator (MTI) Correlation
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In: DTIC AND NTIS (2001)
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| 50 |
Intentional Systems, Intentional Stance, and Explanations of Intentional Behavior
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In: DTIC AND NTIS (2000)
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| 51 |
Forecasting Methodologies for USAF Facility Maintenance and Repair Funding Requirements.
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In: DTIC AND NTIS (1997)
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| 52 |
Linguistic and computational advantages of bidirectional bottom-up parsing with top-down predictions
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| 53 |
Computer Aided Breast Cancer Diagnosis.
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In: DTIC AND NTIS (1996)
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| 54 |
Natural Language Information Retrieval: TREC-4 Report
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In: DTIC (1995)
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| 55 |
High-Order Modeling Techniques for Continuous Speech Recognition.
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In: DTIC AND NTIS (1995)
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| 56 |
Automatic Tools for Developing Fine-Grained Signal Processing Programs on Multicomputers.
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In: DTIC AND NTIS (1995)
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| 57 |
The Cognitive, Perceptual, and Neural Bases of Skilled Performance
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In: DTIC AND NTIS (1994)
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| 58 |
Near-Real-Time Intelligence on the Tactical Battlefield: The Requirement for a Combat Information System.
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In: DTIC AND NTIS (1994)
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| 59 |
Inference and Estimation of a Long-Range Trigram Model
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In: DTIC AND NTIS (1994)
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| 60 |
An Architecturally-Based Theory of Human Sentence Comprehension
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In: DTIC AND NTIS (1993)
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