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Bilingualism is a long-term cognitively challenging experience that modulates metabolite concentrations in the healthy brain
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In: Scientific Reports ; 11 (2021). - 7090. - Springer Nature. - eISSN 2045-2322 (2021)
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Abstract:
Cognitively demanding experiences, including complex skill acquisition and processing, have been shown to induce brain adaptations, at least at the macroscopic level, e.g. on brain volume and/or functional connectivity. However, the neurobiological bases of these adaptations, including at the cellular level, are unclear and understudied. Here we use bilingualism as a case study to investigate the metabolic correlates of experience-based brain adaptations. We employ Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to measure metabolite concentrations in the basal ganglia, a region critical to language control which is reshaped by bilingualism. Our results show increased myo-Inositol and decreased N-acetyl aspartate concentrations in bilinguals compared to monolinguals. Both metabolites are linked to synaptic pruning, a process underlying experience-based brain restructuring. Interestingly, both concentrations correlate with relative amount of bilingual engagement. This suggests that degree of long-term cognitive experiences matters at the level of metabolic concentrations, which might accompany, if not drive, macroscopic brain adaptations. ; published
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Keyword:
ddc:400
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URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86443-4
http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-2-eh5lxsgbuamz9
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Bilingualism is a long-term cognitively challenging experience that modulates metabolite concentrations in the healthy brain
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In: Sci Rep (2021)
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What Have We Learned About Bilingualism? Regarding Nichols et al. (2020)
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Referee report. For: Early childhood bilingualism: effects on brain structure and function [version 1; peer review: 1 approved] ...
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The cognitive and neurological effects of bilingualism on healthy ageing and the progression of dementia: a longitudinal study ...
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The effect of bilingualism on brain development from early childhood to young adulthood
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In: Brain Struct Funct (2020)
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Online psycholinguistic methods in second language acquisition research
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Understanding structural plasticity in the bilingual brain: The Dynamic Restructuring Model
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Brain changes associated with language development and learning: A primer on methodology and applications
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Morphological processing in the brain : the good (inflection), the bad (derivation) and the ugly (compounding)
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In: Cortex ; 116 (2019). - S. 4-44. - ISSN 0010-9452. - eISSN 1973-8102 (2019)
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Redefining bilingualism as a spectrum of experiences that differentially affects brain structure and function
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Brain adaptations and neurological indices of processing in adult Second Language Acquisition: challenges for the Critical Period Hypothesis
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Morphological processing in the brain: the good (inflection), the bad (derivation) and the ugly (compounding)
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