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Addressing patients’ communication support needs through speech-language pathologist-nurse information-sharing: Employing ethnography to understand the acute stroke context
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A Systematic Review of Studies Describing the Effectiveness, Acceptability, and Potential Harms of Place-Based Interventions to Address Loneliness and Mental Health Problems
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Is Early Bilingual Experience Associated with Greater Fluid Intelligence in Adults?
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Time for talk: The work of reflexivity in developing empirical understanding of speech and language therapist and nursing interaction on stroke wards
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Generic learning mechanisms can drive social inferences: The role of type frequency
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Abstract:
How do we form opinions about typical and morally acceptable behavior in other social groups despite variability in behavior? Similar learning problems arise during language acquisition, where learners need to infer grammatical rules (e.g., the walk/walk-ed past-tense) despite frequent exceptions (e.g., the go/went alternation). Such rules need to occur with many different words to be learned (i.e., they need a high type frequency). In contrast, frequent individual words do not lead to learning. Here, we ask whether similar principles govern social learning. Participants read a travel journal where a traveler observed behaviors in different imaginary cities. The behaviors were performed once by many distinct actors (high type frequency) or frequently by a single actor (low type frequency), and could be good, neutral or bad. We then asked participants how morally acceptable the behavior was (in general or for the visited city), and how widespread it was in that city. We show that an ideal observer model estimating the prevalence of behaviors is only sensitive to the behaviors’ type frequency, but not to how often they are performed. Empirically, participants rated high type frequency behaviors as more morally acceptable more prevalent than low type frequency behaviors. They also rated good behaviors as more acceptable and prevalent than neutral or bad behaviors. These results suggest that generic learning mechanisms and epistemic biases constrain social learning, and that type frequency can drive inferences about groups. To combat stereotypes, high type frequency behaviors might thus be more effective than frequently appearing individual role models.
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Keyword:
BF Psychology; HM Sociology
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URL: https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/27566/
https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/27566/1/type_token_social_paper3.pdf
http://link.springer.com/journal/13421
https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/27566/8/Endress-Ahmed2022_Article_GenericLearningMechanismsCanDr.pdf
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Animalizing women and feminizing men: The psychological intersections of human supremacism, sexism, and anti-veganism
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Learning from communication versus observation in great apes
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A socio-ecological perspective on the gestural communication of great ape species, individuals, and social units
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From Beethoven to Beyoncé : do changing aesthetic cultures amount to ‘cumulative cultural evolution’?
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Inferential communication : bridging the gap between intentional and ostensive communication in non-human primates
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Bo-NO-bouba-kiki : picture-word mapping but no spontaneous sound symbolic speech-shape mapping in a language trained bonobo
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The social and psychological work of metaphor: a corpus linguistic investigation
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Causal and associational language in observational health research: a systematic evaluation
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| 15 |
Is passive priming really impervious to verb semantics? a high-powered replication of Messenger Et al. (2012)
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Gestational age, parent education, and education in adulthood
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Prior experience with unlabeled actions facilitates 3-year-old children's verb learning
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COVID-19 first lockdown as a window into language acquisition : associations between caregiver-child activities and vocabulary gains
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'Now I am myself’: exploring how people with post-stroke aphasia experienced Solution Focused Brief Therapy within the SOFIA Trial
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Start with “Why,” but only if you have to: The strategic framing of novel ideas across different audiences
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