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Романские заимствования тематической группы «Воинский доспех» в немецком языке
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Abstract:
Статья посвящена анализу заимствований из романских языков в немецкий в эпоху средневековья (1-15 вв. н.э.). Особое внимание уделяется степени ассимиляции заимствований и характеру их вхождения в лексическую систему немецкого языка, приемам их перевода с немецкого на русский язык.The article is devoted to the analysis of the borrowings from Romance languages into German in the Middle Ages (1-15 centuries AD.). Particular attention is paid to the degree of assimilation of the borrowings and the nature of their occurrence in the lexical system of German language, as well as techniques of their translation from German into Russian. Introduction: The Germans lived in severe conditions and lead a simple life. However, in the first centuries AD under the influence of the culture of the Roman Empire, protective clothing (armor) becomes available for the Germanic peoples. The concept of "armor" is applicable to garments, which serve to a soldier to protect the body (a body, a head and limbs), but during the golden age of courtly culture (12 15 cc)with the formation of fashion the ceremonial clothing appeared and armor acquired not only decorative, but also a sign function. In the Middle Ages the standard of knightly fashion was represented by France, Italy and Spain, which determined a large number of borrowings of Romance culture items and their nominations that assimilated into German culture and language in a certain way. Main part: Nominations of clothing dating back to word formation models of Indo-European and all-German epochs are not numerous in the German language; lack of fashion and uniformity of clothing types led to the situation when in the epoch of the vocabulary being enriched with Romance borrowings these lexical items acquired the status of generic concepts. The main motivational features of these nominations are cоnsidered in the main part of this article. Conclusion: As you can see, a knight's costume (armor) is not only protective clothing, but an object of fashion that performs a symbolic function and is a sign of "fashion communication," "discursive" exchange of intentions (images, values and ideals). Therefore, in the emerging German culture objects of highly referential culture of Roman world played a significant role; they were borrowed together with denoting them nominations, which in the course of development show varying degrees of assimilation into the German language system: from full assimilation to the status of foreign words. The material under study bears evidence of the complex picture of the language system development, which is enriched in the process of development of cultural and linguistic contacts with the world around, as well as gives an idea of the role of extra-linguistic factors in the process of diachronic development of the meanings of the native words in connection with development and assimilation of the borrowed words.
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Keyword:
НЕМЕЦКИЙ ЯЗЫК,РОМАНСКИЕ ЯЗЫКИ,ЗАИМСТВОВАНИЯ,ОТНОШЕНИЕ "СЛОВО ВЕЩЬ",АССИМИЛЯЦИЯ,ДИАХРОНИЧЕСКАЯ ПОЛИСЕМИЯ,ТРАНСКРИПЦИЯ,ТРАНСЛИТЕРАЦИЯ,КАЛЬКИРОВАНИЕ,ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЦИЯ ЗНАЧЕНИЯ,GERMAN LANGUAGE,ROMANCE LANGUAGES,BORROWINGS,RATIO OF "WORD-THING",ASSIMILATION,DIACHRONIC POLYSEMY,TRANSCRIPTION,TRANSLITERATION,CALQUING,DIFFERENTIATION OF MEANING
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URL: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/romanskie-zaimstvovaniya-tematicheskoy-gruppy-voinskiy-dospeh-v-nemetskom-yazyke
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