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Ethnic Content Integration and Local Curriculum in Myanmar
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In: ASEAS - Austrian Journal of South-East Asian Studies ; 14 ; 2 ; 155-172 ; Multicultural Lingual and Multicultural Education (2022)
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Abstract:
Myanmar is home to over 54.8 million people, consisting of over 100 ethnolinguistic groups with distinct linguistic, cultural, and historical backgrounds. Since Myanmar gained independence from Great Britain, education has been used as the main political tool for Bamar national assimilation, neglecting this rich ethnic and cultural diversity. Myanmar opted for the assimilationist approach in which non-dominant ethnolinguistic nationalities are vanquished through the use of educational instruction, materials, and teachers’ education, all of which are ‘Bamarcentric’, centered around a single ethnolinguistic identity and language in Myanmar, Bamar. Other, non-dominant ethnolinguistic groups in Myanmar have long desired to incorporate their own languages, cultures, and histories into the educational system. In this vein, the National Education Law (NEL), which took effect in 2014, provides the integration of non-dominant ethnic languages and cultural identities into the mainstream curriculum. From this, a modified curriculum framework concerning the integration of indigenous ethnic content was produced in order to promote multicultural coexistence. The present study explores the implementation of the Local Curriculum and integration of non-dominant ethnic content into the curriculum in primary schools through the analysis of the curriculum development process and the integration of non-dominant ethnic content such as local literature, cultural perspectives, and indigenous worldviews. The study was conducted in Kachin, Kayah, Karen, and Mon states and the Yangon region, where a variety of ethnolinguistic groups reside. Using a qualitative approach, the study drew on findings from interviews with 63 participants, four classroom observations, and document analysis from four states and one region. The study revealed that the implementation of the Local Curriculum promotes multiculturalism and social cohesion.
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Keyword:
Bildung und Erziehung; Bildungspolitik; Bildungswesen; Chancengleichheit; cultural diversity; curriculum; Economics of Education; Education; education system; Educational Policy; equal opportunity; Ethnic Content Integration; Grundschule; integration; kulturelle Vielfalt; language; Local Curriculum; Macroanalysis of the Education System; Makroebene des Bildungswesens; Multicultural Education; multicultural society; Multiculturalism; multikulturelle Gesellschaft; Myanmar; primary school; Southeast Asia; Sprache; Südostasien
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URL: https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/76746 https://doi.org/10.14764/10.ASEAS-0060 https://aseas.univie.ac.at/index.php/aseas/article/view/6382/6601
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Stakeholders' Insights Into Migrant Students’ Experiences in a Thai Public School: A Linguistic Ecological Perspective
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In: ASEAS - Austrian Journal of South-East Asian Studies ; 14 ; 2 ; 243-266 ; Multicultural Lingual and Multicultural Education (2022)
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Towards Inclusion in Spanish Higher Education: Understanding the Relationship between Identification and Discrimination
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In: Social Inclusion ; 9 ; 3 ; 81-93 ; Inclusive Universities in a Globalized World (2022)
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"Langsam vermisse ich die Schule .". Schule während und nach der Corona-Pandemie
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In: Münster ; New York : Waxmann 2020, 229 S. - (Die Deutsche Schule, Beiheft; 16) (2020)
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Curriculum reform in Indonesia: moving from an exclusive to inclusive curriculum ; Kurikularna prenova v Indoneziji: prehod od izkljucujocega k vkljucujocemu kurikulumu
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Anke Wegner / Inci Dirim (Hrsg.): Mehrsprachigkeit und Bildungsgerechtigkeit. Erkundungen einer didaktischen Perspektive. Opladen / Berlin / Toronto: Barbara Budrich 2016 (322 S.) [Rezension]
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In: Erziehungswissenschaftliche Revue (EWR) 15 (2016) 4 (2016)
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Anke Wegner / Inci Dirim (Hrsg.): Mehrsprachigkeit und Bildungsgerechtigkeit. Erkundungen einer didaktischen Perspektive. Opladen / Berlin / Toronto: Barbara Budrich 2016 (322 S.) [Rezension] ...
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Annual Demographic Report: Hiring and Retention of Minorities, Women, and Persons with Disabilities in the United States Intelligence Community Fiscal Year 2015
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COMMUNITY BEHAVIORAL HEALTH
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In: http://dbhids.org/assets/Forms--Documents/CBH/RFP-American-Sign-Language.pdf (2013)
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Zur Analyse pädagogischer Interaktion in reformierten Schuleingangsklassen anhand soziologischer Textinterpretation
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In: Soziologische Analysen: Referate aus den Veranstaltungen der Sektionen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Soziologie und der ad-hoc-Gruppen beim 19. Deutschen Soziologentag (Berlin, 17.-20. April 1979) ; 500-514 ; Deutscher Soziologentag "Sozialer Wandel in Westeuropa" ; 19 (2012)
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Behinderte Jugendliche
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In: Enzyklopädie Erziehungswissenschaft. Bd. 9, Sekundarstufe II - Jugendbildung zwischen Schule und Beruf : T. 2, Lexikon ; 352-355 (2012)
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Rezension: Petia Genkova & Andrea E. Abele (Hrsg.) (2008). Lernen und Entwicklung im globalen Kontext. "Heimliche Lehrpläne" und Basiskompetenzen
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In: Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research ; 12 ; 2 ; 10 ; Genkova, Petja ; Abele, Andrea E. ; 2008 ; Lernen und Entwicklung im globalen Kontext: "heimliche Lehrpläne" und Basiskompetenzen ; Perspektiven politischer Psychologie, Bd. 3 ; Lengerich ; Pabst ; 978-3-89967-477-4 (2012)
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In: CEPS Journal 1 (2011) 3, S. 31-51 (2011)
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Distance Education and Community Learning Networks linked by a Library of Culture
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