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Sound change or community change? The speech community in sound change studies:A case study of Scottish Gaelic
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Review of 'The Gaelic crisis in the vernacular community: a comprehensive sociolinguistic survey of Scottish Gaelic'
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Scottish Gaelic revitalisation:Progress and aspiration
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Abstract:
This review considers the revitalisation programme for Scottish Gaelic (referred to simply as ‘Gaelic’ [ɡalik] by its speakers) which has gathered pace since the 1980s. Gaelic is a minority Celtic language with approximately 58,000 speakers in Scotland (Scottish Government 2015) and 1,500 speakers in Canada (Statistique Canada 2016). Gaelic in Scotland developed from the Old Irish spoken by people moving back and forwards between Ireland and Scotland in the 4th-5th centuries and eventually became the language spoken across almost all of Scotland in the high medieval era (11th-12th centuries). Since this time, language shift has been taking place in Scotland and locations where the majority of the population speak Gaelic are now confined to north and west Highland areas such as the Western Isles (Outer Hebrides). Frequent waves of migration from Scotland have led to diasporic populations of Gaelic speakers including the substantial settlements in Nova Scotia, Canada, where many Gaelic speakers emigrated in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. The texts reviewed here document the process of language shift but especially focus on revitalisation efforts undertaken in order to increase speaker numbers and also increase the contexts and usage of Gaelic. As both works demonstrate, the revitalisation programme has its origins in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries but really gained momentum in the 1980s with the advent of increased Gaelic broadcasting, education in Gaelic, and the subsequent Gaelic Language Act in 2005, which gave Gaelic in Scotland equal legal status to English. Each work takes quite a different approach to considering these issues: McLeod (2020) is a historical and legal analysis of language policy from 1872 to 2020 and McEwan-Fujita (2020) collects the outcome of several linguistic anthropological studies conducted with different Gaelic-speaking groups and organisations. Together, these works provided different angles and levels of analysis of the Gaelic revitalisation programme and offer substantial inspiration for future work. As well as giving a detailed picture of the Gaelic context, these works will be useful for those working in other minority language contexts, linguistic anthropology, and language policy.
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URL: https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/155036/1/Gaelic_review_accepted.pdf
https://doi.org/10.1111/josl.12508
https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/155036/
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Phonetic typology and articulatory constraints:The realisation of secondary articulations in Scottish Gaelic rhotics
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Intonational Variation in the North-West of England: The Origins of a Rising Contour in Liverpool ...
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Intonational Variation in the North-West of England: The Origins of a Rising Contour in Liverpool ...
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sj-pdf-2-las-10.1177_0023830920969735 – Supplemental material for Intonational Variation in the North-West of England: The Origins of a Rising Contour in Liverpool ...
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sj-bst-1-las-10.1177_0023830920969735 – Supplemental material for Intonational Variation in the North-West of England: The Origins of a Rising Contour in Liverpool ...
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sj-bst-1-las-10.1177_0023830920969735 – Supplemental material for Intonational Variation in the North-West of England: The Origins of a Rising Contour in Liverpool ...
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sj-pdf-2-las-10.1177_0023830920969735 – Supplemental material for Intonational Variation in the North-West of England: The Origins of a Rising Contour in Liverpool ...
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Place identity and authenticity in minority language revitalisation:Scottish Gaelic in Glasgow
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Bilingual language exposure and the peer group:Acquiring phonetics and phonology in Gaelic Medium Education
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Intonational variation in the North-West of England:The origins of a rising contour in Liverpool
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The acoustics of three-way lateral and nasal palatalisation contrasts in Scottish Gaelic
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Dialect variation in formant dynamics:The acoustics of lateral and vowel sequences in Manchester and Liverpool English
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Studying intonation in varieties of English:Gender and individual variation in Liverpool
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An acoustic-articulatory study of bilingual vowel production:advanced tongue root vowels in Twi and tense/lax vowels in Ghanaian English
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