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1	The use of manner demonstratives in discourse: A contrastive study of Wan (Mande) and Kambaata (Cushitic)
	Nikitina, Tatiana; Treis, Yvonne
	In: Demonstratives in discourse ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02398758 ; Åshild Næss; Anna Margetts; Yvonne Treis. Demonstratives in discourse, Language Science Press, pp.43-67, 2020, 978-3-96110-286-0. ⟨10.5281/zenodo.4055816⟩ ; https://langsci-press.org/catalog/book/282 (2020)
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2	Indexicality and Discourse Functions of Manner Demonstratives Zheyang and Nayang in Spoken Mandarin
	Lee, Yu-Hui. - : eScholarship, University of California, 2020
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3	Indexicality and Discourse Functions of Manner Demonstratives Zheyang and Nayang in Spoken Mandarin
	Lee, Yu-Hui. - : eScholarship, University of California, 2020
	Abstract: This study investigates uses of manner demonstratives zheyang and nayang in spontaneous conversation in Chinese (Mandarin). Following Interactional Linguistics, I hold the view that uses of manner demonstratives are shaped by the immediate interactional needs in ongoing conversations. This study uses video-recorded conversations as empirical data to examine uses of the manner demonstratives: (i) deictic use and nonverbal expressions, (ii)anaphoric use in the subject position, and (iii) discourse/interactional uses as inferential connectives, discourse boundary markers, and receipt tokens. First, my analyses on deictic manner demonstratives, together with nonverbal expressions (i.e., hand gestures, body demonstrations, eye gaze and visible display) show (i) the range of the manner demonstratives’ references includes movements, situations/events, and the manner, quality and/or degree of a referent; and (ii) most of the nonverbal expressions are treated as a part of the verbal conversation that the speakers had planned to produce as the verbal expressions. Second, anaphoric manner demonstratives function as overt subjects to (i) express an emphasis or contrast on the co-referent, or (ii) introduce the speakers’ assessments. When used for emphasis, the manner demonstratives co-refer the same referents with a refined granularity by indicating them as motions, ways/methods or events, instead of individual entities. When used for assessments, manner demonstratives serve as anaphors referring to co-referents as events on which the speakers are given knowledge access in the conversation for follow-up comments. Discourse/Interactional uses of the manner demonstratives deal with their uses as discourse markers. First, when used as inferential causal connectives, the manner demonstratives are used for speakers to claim the causal relationship between two events based on their subjective inferences. Second, it is also found for the first time that both the proximal and the distal manner demonstratives can be used as completion markers. The completion marking use occurs when speakers (i) declare unilaterally a turn as the end of a topical discussion, and (ii) await responses from other potential next speakers. The distal manner demonstratives are marked completion markers used for discourse that are perceived as temporally or mentally distant from the speakers. The last use observed is the manner demonstratives marking the current turns as collaborative finishes for previous turns. Last, based on only a few occurrences observed, zheyang(zi) used as neutral receipt tokens express the current speakers’ receipt of information but withhold their agreement (or disagreement). This study joins the existing body of usage-based studies, in particular Interactional Linguistics, and emphasize using video-recorded conversation as empirical data to examine language use and language structures emerge from a situated context, how language is used to respond to ongoing conversations, as well as how these uses are triggered by interactional needs in terms of turn management and sequencing.
	Keyword: Asian studies; Chinese (Mandarin); Conversation analysis; Discourse marker; Indexicality; Interactional linguistics; Linguistics; Manner demonstrative; Sociology
	URL: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9c3558gh
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4	The use of manner demonstratives in discourse: A contrastive study of Wan (Mande) and Kambaata (Cushitic)
	Nikitina, Tatiana; Treis, Yvonne
	In: Demonstratives in discourse ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02398758 ; Åshild Næss; Anna Margetts; Yvonne Treis. Demonstratives in discourse, Language Science Press, pp.43-67, 2020, 978-3-96110-286-0. ⟨10.5281/zenodo.4055816⟩ ; https://langsci-press.org/catalog/book/282 (2020)
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5	Manner demonstratives in Chadic: Towards a research project
	Treis, Yvonne
	In: 10th Biennial International Colloquium on the Chadic Languages (BICCL 10) ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02309243 ; 10th Biennial International Colloquium on the Chadic Languages (BICCL 10), Oct 2019, Hamburg, Germany ; https://www.aai.uni-hamburg.de/afrika/veranstaltungen/biccl2019.html (2019)
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6	Similative and equative demonstratives in Kambaata
	Treis, Yvonne
	In: ISSN: 1244-5460 ; Faits de langues ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01872154 ; Faits de langues, Brill, 2019, Special issue "Comparaisons d'égalité et de similitude et expression de la simulation", 50 (1), pp.175-202 (2019)
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7	Manner demonstratives in Chadic: Towards a research project
	Treis, Yvonne
	In: 10th Biennial International Colloquium on the Chadic Languages (BICCL 10) ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02309243 ; 10th Biennial International Colloquium on the Chadic Languages (BICCL 10), Oct 2019, Hamburg, Germany ; https://www.aai.uni-hamburg.de/afrika/veranstaltungen/biccl2019.html (2019)
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8	Padoe deictics
	Mead, David. - 2001
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