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1
Synergic Concepts, Lexical Idiosyncrasies, and Lexical Complexities in Bilingual Students’ Translated Texts as Efforts to Resolve Conceptual Inequivalences
In: Languages; Volume 7; Issue 2; Pages: 94 (2022)
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to draw on the conceptual blending hypothesis from the socio-cognitive approach to investigate the conceptually equivalent translation written in L2—English—of bilingual students via two tasks of translating and defining individual words and translating texts from L1 to L2. Next, the study demonstrates how translation abilities that vary amongst groups can affect students’ lexical density, lexical diversity, lexical sophistication, and lexical idiosyncrasies in translated text. The translating process in bilinguals could be interpreted via the lens of the conceptual blending hypothesis and dueling contexts framework to demonstrate that bi/multilingual students do not differ from monolingual ones pertaining to cognitive or linguistic abilities. Rather, the distinctive difference between bilingual and monolingual language users is bilingual speakers’ abilities of the third competence of formulating a synergism across word concepts and utilizing a bidirectional translation between two languages. When a word in L2 is acquired, there is a conceptual blending between the new conceptual information, encoded after each time the L2 word is used in an L2 socio-cultural context and the existing socio-cultural conceptual information in L1. The new concept created after the blending is called a synergic concept. If the synergic is not well developed, the language user selects incorrect or inappropriate words in a context, resulting in lexical idiosyncrasies. Data gathered from 30 English–Chinese bilingual university students in a transnational program in sociology were collected and compared against 15 monolingual American students. The preliminary findings are as follows: (1) regardless of the location of where the English (L2) socio-cultural meaning conceptualization mainly takes place (in China or the U.S.A.), English–Chinese bilingual language users demonstrated a significant difference in connotative meaning knowledge of noun word concepts and idiomatic concepts, compared with English native speakers; (2) the synergic concepts were detected in all experimental concepts and demonstrated the conceptual blending to a varying degree that affects their translating process and its outcomes: the domineering L1 socio-cultural concept, the well-blended L1 and L2 socio-cultural concept that results in a “third culture”, and the assimilating L2 socio-cultural concept; (3) the synergistic blending of two socio-cultural loads embedded in lexical concepts detected in the bilingual students in the U.S.A. was more robust than those in China, resulting in significantly fewer sophisticated words and lexical idiosyncrasies in their English translated essays. The study sheds new light on understanding the dynamism in bilingualism via translation tasks to indicate bilingual learners’ lexical development. Implications for using translation tasks and analysis of word concepts across languages to support bi/multilingual students in language and academic learning are discussed.
Keyword: applied linguistics; intercultural learning; language use; translation
URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/languages7020094
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2
A Question of Knowledge Base
In: L2 Journal, vol 13, iss 1 (2021)
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3
A Qualitative Analysis of Students’ Reflections on the Current Use of Digital Media in Foreign Language Classes
In: Sustainability ; Volume 13 ; Issue 16 (2021)
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4
The Lothian Diary Project: Investigating the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Edinburgh and Lothian Residents
In: Journal of Open Humanities Data; Vol 7 (2021); 4 ; 2059-481X (2021)
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5
Fundamentals of Language and Language Learning: A Collaborative Initiative for the Implementation of a Common Online Language Training Component in the First-Year Language Curriculum
Barysevich, Alena; Smeets, Liz; School of Languages and Literatures. - : University of Guelph, School of Languages and Literatures, 2021. : Érudit, 2021
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6
Elip, Mmala and Yangben
Boyd, Ginger; Reeder, JeDene; Roberts, David. - : John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2021
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7
Mbelime
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8
Tômta Tôma mbo ; Tôm and Tôma like to read ; Tôm et Tôma aiment la lecture
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9
Doing Justice to Language in the Library: Beyond Signage and Collections
In: New Librarianship Symposia Series: Fall 2021 (2021)
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10
Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics: A Bibliometric Portrait of Ten Publication Years
In: Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal) (2021)
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11
Fundamentals of Language and Language Learning: A Collaborative Initiative for the Implementation of a Common Online Language Training Component in the First-Year Language Curriculum
In: Nouvelle Revue Synergies Canada; No. 14 (2021): From in-person to distance: Rethinking language learning in a new environment ; Nouvelle Revue Synergies Canada; No. 14 (2021): Du présentiel à la distance : repenser l’apprentissage des langues dans un nouvel environnement ; 2292-2261 (2021)
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12
Le cahier des clauses techniques particulières (CCTP) : spécificités d'un écrit professionnel
In: ISSN: 0458-7251 ; Le Langage et l'Homme ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02549062 ; Le Langage et l'Homme, EME éditions / L'Harmattan, 2020, La terminologie et l'enseignement du français de spécialité, du français langue professionnelle ou sur objectifs spécifiques (n° 542), pp.ISBN : 978-2-8066-3702-4 ; https://www.editions-harmattan.fr/index.asp?navig=catalogue&obj=livre&no=65040 (2020)
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13
eLearning 4.0 as a Sustainability Strategy for Generation Z Language Learners: Applied Linguistics of Second Language Acquisition in Younger Adults
In: Societies ; Volume 10 ; Issue 2 (2020)
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14
Entretien de Catherine Lécuyer
Lécuyer, Catherine; Pires, Mat; Troutier Justine. - : Langage et langues : description, théorisation, transmission, 2020
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15
Primjena psiholingvistike i sociolingvistike u kriminalističkoj praksi / Applications of psycholinguistics and sociolinguistics in forensic practice ...
Repišti, Selman. - : Zenodo, 2020
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16
Primjena psiholingvistike i sociolingvistike u kriminalističkoj praksi / Applications of psycholinguistics and sociolinguistics in forensic practice ...
Repišti, Selman. - : Zenodo, 2020
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17
تعالوا و أقروا كتاب للقراية ; Come and Read ; Reading book ; Venez et Lisez ; Livre de lecture
Marti, Marianne; Frost, Olwen. - : SIL Tchad, 2020
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18
God as an oral communicator – a study of orality, epic tales and oral Bible performances in Siberia
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19
Understanding Language in the Mission of God: Rebuilding our Missiology and Reshaping our Language Ideology
DeLoach, Danny. - 2020
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20
2020 LLL Conference Keynote Talk: The "Relational Turn" in Applied Linguistics?
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